Studying up for my BGP+MPLS exam as part of the CCIP track and was working out some labs on BGP Confederations. We don’t use them at work so they were something that I’ve never experienced. First of all I can’t figure out why anyone would want to use them over route reflectors. A couple things I’ve learned:
To redistribute between MP-BGP (Core) and OSPF (CPE), you must redistribute MP-BGP into OSPF and OSPF into MP-BGP.
Assumptions -
In the PE router, a VRF specific OSPF process needs to be started:
PE01(config)#router ospf 200 vrf Cust_B
PE01(config-router)#redistribute bgp 65000 subnets
Very important to include the subnets option unless you are and will ONLY work with classful networks. You will get a warning that only classful networks will be redistributed if you don’t include it. Chances of only working with classful networks are slim (no use of loopbacks), so probably best practice to always include ’subnets’. In my study material I was told that having a customer use OSPF as their routing protocol was not a good idea as the routers were limited to 32 OSPF processes (28 usable). Just checked Cisco and looks like that has been fixed with IOS 12.3(4)T and higher.
PE01(config-router)#router bgp 65000
PE01(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf Cust_B
PE01(config-router-af)redistribute ospf 200 vrf Cust_B
Pretty easy setup, just need to remember the redistribution is bi-directional.
In using Dynamips while now while I study for my CCNP and discovered that even though with a good idle_pc value, the CPU utilisation spikes after the con session times-out. I initially noticed that once the router boots and you’re prompted ‘Press RETURN to begin!’ and the interfaces normalise, the CPU stays pretty high until you press RETURN to begin the console session. Same goes for when the console session times out.
Running 6 2600s at ~30% processor usage and having one session time out brings the CPU usage up to 90% until I press enter again to clear the ‘you’ve timed-out’ message. If several time out, the overall load goes up pretty quick, 7+ at times.
The key is to just set the exec-timeout to 0 -
Router(config)#line con 0
Router(config-line)#exec-time 0 0
With avoiding the time-outs, I should be able to load twice the number of routers now.
I took the 640-801 test and got my CCNA on the first try. The Mrs. sacrificed a lot (leaving me alone to study, household projects went unstarted and those started, unfinished etc.) and to her I will be forever grateful. It was Cisco’s changing of their CCNA path that really drove me to complete the test prior to them changing the required info around. Next up will be the CCNP, but I can study without putting my family second.
I’ll finally be able to get started on the many projects that I’ve back burnered over the 2 years or so that I should of been studying for my CCNA. I’d usually come up with a good idea or something to upgrade somewhere and my ‘I shouldn’t be doing this because I don’t have my CCNA yet’ would promptly stop me.
So I received my routers that I won on Ebay and needed to update the IOS version from a 12.1 or 12.2 to the newest supportable 12.3. I had initially upgraded my 1900 switch from CATOS to IOS using X or Y-Modem via the console and even at 57600 it was painfully slow. My previous TFTP server is on my windows partition and with my wanting to put some distance between my myself and the need to rely on Windows I needed to find a Linux alternative. There are three different deb packages available for me to grab were Atftpd, Tftpd-hpa & Tftpd. After Atftpd didn’t work I tried Tftpd-hpa & Tftpd, neither of which were working for me either. Deciding to go back to Atftpd I started to do some trouble shooting and found in my Syslog:
Aug 9 19:14:40 [SERVER] atftpd[3879]: Advanced Trivial FTP server started (0.7)
Aug 9 19:14:40 [SERVER] atftpd[3879]: connect: Address family not supported by protocol
Aug 9 19:15:02 [SERVER] last message repeated 4 times
Aug 9 19:15:10 [SERVER] in.tftpd[3901]: connect from ::ffff:192.168.1.2 (::ffff:192.168.1.2)
Aug 9 19:15:10 [SERVER] atftpd[3901]: Advanced Trivial FTP server started (0.7)
Aug 9 19:15:10 [SERVER] atftpd[3901]: connect: Address family not supported by protocol
Aug 9 19:15:45 [SERVER] last message repeated 4 times
It took a while to figure out how Apache uses tags… No matter what I seemed to do, whether I ordered the default site or a sub NameVirtualHost first, only 1 of the sites would come up. This is a fresh install of good ol’ Apache 1.3, PHP, Mysql. I ended up installing Bind for my Intranet to allow for absolute resolve across my network. That was just basic SysAdmin work, which was something that I was going to have to do eventually.
Now installing Jinzora was another.. MySql went fine and I decided to to try out the MySql Admin. Had to figure out that the default apt-get MySql did not turn on network listening, found it and turned it on. Now I can connect with MySql Admin and created a Jinzora user and give it all Data & Structure privileges. No matter what I did the Jinzora would not create the databases correctly. Turned up MySql logging and could see Jinzora issue the Create commands, etc. I ended up installing PhpMyAdmin, removing the Jinzora because none of the privs were actually there. Recreate the user and give it the privs and then copy & paste the SQL create statements to create the tables. Turns out that MySql does not like:
ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
Removing this from each SQL statement allowed the tables to be created successfully. No idea if this is a programming issue or that MySql 4.x doesn’t recognize this command.
Next step led me to import my mp3s and that worked like a breeze.
Next step will be to add an extra ethernet card to each server both Intra & Internet, create a vlan across the switch and figure out how to mount a drive across the network so I can install Jinzora on a public acl’d public server and be able to utilize the mp3s on the Intranet server.
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